• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a cutting tool (10), in particular a drill or a cutter, which has a shaft (16) and a chip-transporting part (18), which receives a cutting insert, the cutting tool (10) being a hybrid composite body. Furthermore, a chip transporting part (18) for a cutting tool (10) and also a method for manufacturing a cutting tool (10) is described. Figure 1
    公开号:SE1450461A1
    申请号:SE1450461
    申请日:2014-04-15
    公开日:2014-10-26
    发明作者:Christoph Gey
    申请人:Kennametal Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Thus, a hybrid cutting tool of this type thus has a shaft and a working part, in particular. a chip transporting part, which has been produced under different procedures. In this way it is possible on the one hand that the cutting tool can be adapted to corresponding requirements and on the other hand that the cutting tool can be produced in an efficient manner = and at reduced costs. For the shaft, which usually has no complicated geometry, a conventional raw material can be used, which can be turned with regard to the tolerances to be maintained. The chip-transporting part, which typically constitutes the more complicated structure, is, on the other hand, produced by the group prototype production. Using this method, it is possible to produce preferably using a method from fast, very complex structures, the structures produced in this way do not have to be machined afterwards. The chip conveying part can be sanded afterwards, partially or completely, only if certain requirements regarding surface quality and fit 'must be observed. The cutting tool according to the invention thus achieves that only the relatively complex part of the tool, more specifically the chip transporting part, has to be produced using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototyping, while the areas of the tool having a simpler geometry, more specifically the shaft , is produced in a conventional manner. This ensures that the parts of the tool which can be obtained by means of a relatively inexpensive method do not have to be manufactured by means of the more complicated method of rapid prototyping.
    -Preferably, it is meant that the chip-transporting part is firmly connected, more specifically soldered, welded or screwed to the shaft. This means that the shaft and the chip-transporting part can be manufactured completely separately, after which the chip-transporting part becomes permanently connected to the shaft in order to provide a connection with a press fit. This also makes it possible to build up a type of modular concept, whereby the shafts can be combined with a wide range of chip-transporting parts. According to the preferred embodiment, this means that the chip-transporting part is produced directly * on the shaft. To achieve this, the shaft is first manufactured, after which the chip transporting part is produced directly on the already existing prototype group. Therefore, no separate connection point is needed between the shaft joint or the like. In this way it becomes possible to produce a shank, using a method from the fast and the chip transporting part, for example a welded cutting tool with a chip transporting part which has a complex structure using a few method steps. More specifically, it is meant that the material of the chip transporting part is substantially free of pores, more particularly is free of pores to an extent of more than 98% and particularly preferred to an extent of more than 99.9%. A pore-free material of this type is a particularly suitable material because it has increased stability. The shaft can also be made of the same material as the chip transporting part.
    According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is meant that the chip-transporting part has an internal cooling channel. The cooling channel is used to cool an inserted cutting insert with a liquid. The cooling channel runs inside the chip-transporting part, more precisely in screw form, which leads to the internal structure of the chip-transporting part being correspondingly complex. Regardless of this, it is possible to easily produce a chip transporting part of this type with the use of a method from fast prototyping processes.
    The cooling duct preferably has a variable cross section. Unlike conventional tools, a variable cross section can be manufactured at a low cost. With a variable cross section, the volumetric flow of coolant can be divided between several different cooling channels, in the manner desired. It is also possible to configure the outlet opening for the coolant in such a way that it functions in the same way as a nozzle.
    Generally speaking, the chip transporting part of the cutting tool may have complicated structures, since complicated structures can be easily produced by the method of rapid prototyping. Subsequent machining, for example sanding, is only needed if particularly high requirements for surface quality or tolerances must be met.
    Furthermore, it refers to a chip transporting part for a cutting tool having a coupling area, which carries a cutting edge, and also a connection area for the chip transporting part to a shaft, wherein at least the coupling area has been produced according to a method from the group rapid prototype production. A chip transporting part of this type is characterized in that only the complex specific coupling area, is produced using a method from the group element of the chip transporting part, closer to rapid prototype production. The chip-transporting part can then be connected, in particular welded, soldered or screwed onto a shaft. 10 15 20 25 30 - 4/12 _ so that only this case can The connection area can, for example, be prefabricated, the connection area is produced on the connection area. The connection area preferably consists of a sintered material, or a material which can be sintered.
    In addition, it is intended that the entire chip-transporting part, ie. the coupling area and the connection area have been prepared using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototyping.
    Preferably it is meant that the material is substantially free of pores, in particular is free of pores to an extent of more than 98% and especially preferred to an extent of 99.9%. This increases the stability of the chip transporting part and thus the service life of the chip transporting part.
    The chip transporting part can in this case consist of a uniform material, ie. both the connection area and the connection area consist of the same material.
    Many different materials, each present in powder form, are suitable as materials for the tool according to the invention. Examples are steel, aluminum, titanium, tungsten carbide, cobalt and / or cemented carbides.
    Alternatively, the chip transporting part may consist of different materials.
    The connection area may, for example, have been produced during a sintering process based on a first material, on which the coupling area made of another material has been produced.
    The chip transporting part can also be produced on the basis of a gradient material, ie. a material whose properties vary along the chip transporting part. This makes it possible to use a more flexible material in an area where relatively high deformability is desired and to use a material with better curing properties in an area where high hardness is desired.
    The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a cutting tool, the method comprising the following steps: a) manufacturing and arranging a shank, b) manufacturing and arranging a frame transporting part, which consists of a connecting area and a main body part with a cutting edge, and c) connection of the shaft and the frame transport part. 10 15 20 25 30 35 ~ 5 / 12- A hybrid cutting tool can be manufactured at low cost using this method, since only a few process steps are required. The shaft is first produced during a separate procedure. The chip-transporting part is then produced, which is then connected to the shaft so that a complete cutting tool is obtained which consists of a shaft and a chip-transporting part. In this case, the chip conveying part is manufactured at least in part using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototyping, using which complicated structures can be produced during one and the same process step.
    According to a particularly preferred method, it is meant that the chip-transporting part is connected to the shaft during the production of the chip-transporting part by producing the chip-transporting part on the shaft with the group prototype production. In this case, the existing shaft is introduced, for example, using a process from fast melting chamber processes, so that the chip transporting part can be produced directly. This means that process steps b) and c) are performed using a single process step. This speeds up the process of manufacturing the cutting tool, which in turn reduces costs, as no further step is required for connecting the chip transporting part to the shaft.
    According to an alternative method, the chip conveying part and the shaft are first manufactured separately, the chip transporting part being manufactured using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototype production and then become firmly connected to the shaft, in particular whereby the chip transporting part is laser welded, soldered or screwed on the shaft. This makes it possible, for example, to replace a chip-transporting part or to subsequently equip a shaft with a chip-transporting part.
    Alternatively, it is also possible to produce the chip conveying part, during two separate processes, in which case the connection area is produced, for example during a sintering process, after which the coupling part is produced in the connection area using a method from the group of rapid prototype production methods. The chip transporting part can then be fixed to the shaft, ie. for example, welded, soldered or screwed to the shaft.
    The cutting tool is therefore produced in three different sub-stages, the cutting tool and also the chip transporting part being a hybrid composite body. This method thus makes it possible to best adapt the cutting tool or the areas of the cutting tool to the corresponding requirements. In particular, it is intended that the structure obtained using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototyping be produced in layers, a layer having a thickness between 2 μm and 200 μm, in particular between 25 pm and 50 pm. The production in layers ensures that particularly complex structures can be produced. The rapid prototyping method is therefore particularly well suited for the main part of the chip transporting part, since it usually has a complex structure.
    Further elaborated features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following figures, to which we refer. The figures show that: - Figure 1 shows a cutting tool according to the invention, - Figure 2 shows a chip transporting part according to the invention, - Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the chip transporting part, - Figures 4a to 4d show different manufacturing steps during a method according to the invention.
    Figure 1 shows a cutting tool 10 having a first axial end 12 and a second axial end 14. The tool is a drill. However, the invention can also be used for cutters, turning and punching tools or reaming tools.
    At its first axial end 12, the cutting tool 10 has a shaft 16 with a substantially circular-cylindrical circumferential surface 17. The cutting tool 10 further has a working part 18, which, since it is a drill, here is in the form of a chip-transporting part 18, extending from shaft 16 to the other axial end 14.
    The cutting tool 10 can be clamped in a tool holder using the shaft 16.
    The chip transporting part 18 has a connection area 20, a main part 22 and in addition a coupling area 24. The chip transporting part 18 is arranged on the shaft 16 or connected to the shaft 16 via the connection area 20.
    The main part 22 extends from the connecting area 20 to the second axial end 14. The coupling area 24, the function of which is to receive a cutting insert (not shown here), is formed at the second axial end 14 (see figure 3). The cutting insert has geometrically calculated cutting edges, which can affect a workpiece to be machined and which can consist of, for example, cemented carbide. 10 15 20 25 30 35 ~ 7 / 12- The main part 22 has a complex structure, which among other things comes from two helical running grooves 25. In addition, at least one cooling channel 26 runs through the main part 22, the cooling channel opening at the other end for the chip-transporting the part 18, so that a cutting insert received in the coupling area 24 can be cooled. The cooling channels 26 also run helically inside the main part 22, so that both the external and the internal structure of the main part 22 have a correspondingly complex shape.
    The chip conveying part 18 with the main part 22 having a complex configuration is shown more clearly in a detailed view in Figure 2. In particular the connection area 20 is easy to see in Figure 2, and has an insertion part 28 projecting like a bracket and extending from the main part 22 The chip transporting part 18 can be pushed into the shaft 16 by means of the connecting area 20 in the opposite direction to the insertion part 28, the insertion part 28 functioning in a corresponding manner to fix the chip transporting part 18 to the shaft 16.
    The chip transporting part 18 can be connected to the shaft 16 in many different ways, and can for instance be welded, soldered or mechanically fastened, e.g. using a thread. It is also possible to exclude the insert part 28 and to butt weld or solder the two parts to each other.
    Since, as already mentioned, the structure of the main part 22 is very complex, in particular with respect to the cooling duct 26, a method from the group of methods for rapid prototype production is suitable for the production of the main part 22. Complex structures can be produced in a simple manner using a such a procedure, which is also cost effective.
    The group of methods for rapid prototyping includes, among others, free-printing (3D-printing), electron beam melting, laser melting, selective laser melting, selective laser sintering, laser welding and also the fused deposition modeling method. Common to all methods is that a three-dimensional structure is formed using application in layers, whereby complex structures can be produced in a simple manner without subsequent processing steps. Finishing is only needed if special requirements with regard to surface quality or tolerances must be met.
    Thanks to the process used for the production of the chip conveying part, the cooling channels (or the cooling channel, if only one cooling channel is sufficient) can have a complex structure which cannot be achieved using conventional manufacturing methods. The cross section of the cooling ducts can thus vary along the course of the duct. It is possible to incorporate constriction points, with which the coolant flow can be set in the desired manner. It is possible to create a complex structure that acts as a nozzle at the outlet. The travel and arrangement of the cooling duct inside the chip conveying part can be adapted to the loads acting on the chip transporting part during the work, so that the geometric moment of inertia is optimized with respect to stress.
    An exemplary manufacturing process will be explained based on Figures 4a - 4c.
    First, an already manufactured shaft 16 is placed in a melting chamber 30 (Figure 4a), more specifically on a support 31 which can be adjusted vertically. The material from which the chip transporting part 18 is to be produced is then introduced in powder form into the melting chamber 30 so that the shaft 16 is surrounded by the powder 32.
    To produce the chip transporting part 18, new powder 32 is applied in layers and caused to melt. In this case, the support 31 is moved downwards as much as the height of a new powder layer, after which a new powder layer is applied. To do this, one can use a powder cart 34 (or a slide) (Figure 4b), which passes over the support and the melting chamber 30.
    When the new powder layer has been applied, the powder is melted using a laser 36 (fi gur 4c) at the points at which the tool is to be formed, so that it is connected to the underlying body (the shaft 16 in the case of the first layer and with the already formed the tool part in the case of subsequent layers).
    Then the support is moved a small distance down again and a new powder layer is applied, after which melting is performed again, and so on. Using this method, the chip transporting part 18 will be produced on the shaft 16, in layer after layer, first connecting the connection area 20 on the shaft 16 and then the main part 22 with the complex structure, in particular the cooling channel 26, is formed. The cutting tool 10 is then produced starting from the shaft 16, the chip-transporting part 18 being produced layer by layer against the other axial end 14. A current cross-section of the molten material is shown engraved in figure 4d.
    The applied layers can in this case have a layer thickness of from 2 to 200 μm, in particular 25 to 50 μm. The layer thickness then depends on the grain size of the material or powder used. 10 15 20 25 30 - 9/12 ~ Finally, the finished tool 10 is removed from the melting chamber 30.
    The described method makes it possible to produce the cooling duct 26 with a variable adapted diameter, for example a diameter in the range from 0.03 mm to 10 mm. The lower limit of the diameter is determined by the grain size of the powder used; when the tool is finished, it must still be possible to remove the powder from the cooling duct. The upper limit of the diameter is obtained by the fact that, for reasons of strength, the tool must have a sufficiently remaining cross section.
    The method also makes it possible to form a chamber 40 (see Figure 4d) in which undigested powder is enclosed in the cross section of the material. In this way, it is possible to produce a damping chamber which dampens vibrations.
    The process according to the invention makes it possible to produce the chip transporting part 18 within 1 hour. A process of this type also makes it possible to produce several chip-transporting parts 18 simultaneously, starting from one and the same melt.
    The chip conveying parts 18 produced using these methods have similar or even optimized properties expressed as strength, load capacity and chip transporting parts produced in a conventional manner. According to alternative methods of manufacturing the cutting tool 10, the chip conveying member 18 is furthermore a hybrid composite body, since the connection area 20 together with the insertion part 28 has been sintered during an initial process, the main part 22 or only the coupling area 24 with the complex internal and the external structure, has been produced in the connection area 20 using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototyping. As a result, a chip-transporting hybrid part 18 is formed, which in turn can be connected to the shaft 16 using a method of laser welding or other methods.
    Characteristic of all these methods for producing a cutting tool 10 according to the invention is that at least a part of the cutting tool 10 has been produced using a method from the group of methods for fast because this method is particularly well prototyped, suitable for making complex structures.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    A cutting tool (10), in particular a drill, a cutter, a turning or punching tool or a brooch tool, having a shaft (16) and a working part (18), in particular a chip conveying part (18), which houses a cutting insert, the cutting tool (10) being a hybrid composite body.
    [2]
    Cutting tool (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the working part (18) is fixedly connected, in particular laser-welded, soldered or screwed to the shaft (16).
    [3]
    Cutting tool (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the working part (18) is produced directly on the shaft (16).
    [4]
    Cutting tool (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the working part (18) is substantially free of pores, in particular is free of pores to an extent of more than 98% and is particularly preferred to an extent of more than 99.9%.
    [5]
    Cutting tool (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working part (22) has an internal cooling channel (26).
    [6]
    Cutting tool according to Claim 5, characterized in that the cooling channel (26) has a variable cross section.
    [7]
    A chip transporting part (18) for a cutting tool (10) having a coupling area (24) carrying a cutting edge, and furthermore a connecting area (20) for connecting the chip transporting part (18) to a shaft (16), wherein at least the coupling area (24) has been manufactured according to a method from the group of methods for rapid prototyping.
    [8]
    Chip conveying part (18) according to claim 7, characterized in that the material is substantially free of pores, and in particular is free of pores to an extent of more than 98% and particularly preferred to an extent of more than 99.9 %.
    [9]
    A method of manufacturing a cutting tool (10), comprising the following steps: a) manufacturing and arranging a shank (16), b) manufacturing and arranging a working part (18), in particular a chip conveying member having a connection area (20) and a coupling area (24) capable of carrying a cutting edge, and c) connecting the shaft (16) and the working part (18).
    [10]
    Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the working part (18) is connected to the shaft (16) during manufacture of the working part (18) by applying the working part (18) to the shaft (16) using a method from the group consisting of of rapid prototype manufacturing procedures.
    [11]
    Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the working part (18) and the shaft (16) are first manufactured separately, the working part (18) being manufactured using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototype production and then become fixedly connected to the shaft (16). , in particular wherein the connection area (20) of the working part (18) is laser welded, soldered or screwed onto the shaft (16).
    [12]
    Method according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the structure obtained using a method from the group of methods for rapid prototype production is produced in layers, wherein a layer has a thickness between 2 μm and 200 μm, in particular between 25 μm and 50 μm. pm.
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